Longmont’s Tony Lewis was on his way Thursday to collect a bee swarm at a home in Westminster when he was asked the question that has beekeepers buzzing this spring.
“I got my first swarm call about three days ago, and this is only my third or fourth call of the season,” said Lewis, who does free bee swarm removal through TonysBeeRemoval.com.
“By now I have usually had 50 or 60 calls,” Lewis said. “A couple years ago, I was getting 10 to 15 calls a day.”
Boulder’s record April snowfall of 47.6 inches, followed by another foot of snow and record low of 17 degrees at the start of May — has triggered some seasonal anomalies. Those include a late crop of dandelions, stunted tree bud development and, so far, a near-swarmless spring.
The phenomenon of honey bee swarming, most typically seen in the Boulder County area between April 15 and May 15, is triggered by the bees’ wintering space becoming overcrowded and is a natural step in the bees’ reproductive process. The presiding queen leaves the hive, taking roughly half the hive population of worker bees with her, forging a new colony. The bees remaining behind then create a new queen, in her place.
But if a hive has not thrived to the point where crowding exists, or if the bees know that the sources of nutrition they depend on don’t exist at adequate levels, either factor can affect the timing and level of swarming that will be witnessed.
“I have been catching swarms for about 15 years on the Front Range, and what I can say is that they are three weeks late,” said Corwin Bell, founder of BackYardHive.com. He advocates an approach in which backyard beekeepers consider themselves “bee guardians,” and he emphasizes a naturalistic, non-interventional approach to the hobby.
Recent trips Bell has made to Paonia and Carbondale, he said, show a similar pattern around the state. He said the state’s wintry introduction to spring is a clear factor in the bees’ reluctance to swarm.
“If you drive through Boulder, you’ll notice there are no blooming trees,” Bell said. “Everyone is saying they are just late to bloom. But if you look at their buds, they got hit by that last cold spell; they’re not going to bloom.”
Miles McGaughey, president of the Boulder County Beekeepers Association, keeps from 75 to as many as 350 hives of differing varieties at his Longmont property. He has collected only a handful of swarms this year but points out that the phenomenon of bee swarming is “an iffy deal” in the best of times.
“It’s a timing issue with bees,” McGaughey said. “They swarm when conditions are really prime for survival of the swarm that is leaving. They try to do it when there’s lots of resources available, which around here is fruit bloom and dandelions, both of which were significantly delayed this year, and in the case of the fruit blooms, totally annihilated.
“And because of that there is just a high probability that many bee hives will not swarm, and those that do should swarm significantly later than last year.”
Tom Theobald, owner of the Niwot Honey Farm, is in his 38th year as a beekeeper.
“If we’re going to have swarming, it’s likely to commence in the next week or two because we’ve had one of the best dandelion blooms in years, and that’s a major source of nectar and pollen for the bees,” said Theobald, a founder of Boulder County Beekeepers. “We look at that (the dandelion bloom) as the end of winter. The colonies who are better able to respond will now be getting crowded.”
The swarming discussion takes place against the backdrop of the ongoing conversation concerning Colony Collapse Disorder, the mysterious crisis first reported in 2006. That’s when commercial beekeepers started to notice large-scale deaths of honey bee colonies throughout the United States and around the globe.
Mortality rates for commercial beekeepers, according to a report released last week by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, have run as high as 33 percent from 2006 to 2011, with some anecdotal reports by beekeepers claiming a 90 percent loss of their managed hives.
The USDA report examined a wide range of factors, including the role of a parasitic mite called Varroa destructor, which has often been found in decimated colonies, as well as the widespread use of pesticides, including neonicotinoids.
However, the report stated, “While a number of potential causes have been championed by a variety of researchers and interest groups, none of them have stood up to detailed scrutiny. Every time a claim is made of finding a ‘smoking gun,’ further investigation has not been able to make the leap from a correlation to cause-and-effect.”
It went on to state, “Researchers have concluded that no one factor is the cause of CCD. Most likely, CCD is caused by multiple factors. It is not possible to know at this time if all CCD incidents are due to the same set of factors, or if the factors follow the same sequence in every case.”
Bell, who estimates recent hive loss in Colorado at between 50 and 60 percent, points to the European Union’s vote late last month to ban the use of three neonicotinoids on crops attractive to bees for a two-year period, starting Dec. 1.
“They need to pass it here,” Bell said. “There are a whole bunch of lawns and gardens that are using those, and the (resulting) large hive loss has added to the less swarming that we’re getting.”
Theobald, among those who unsuccessfully argued before the Boulder County commissioners for a neonicotinoid ban more than a year ago, said, “We are faced with some very serious problems, and the systemic pesticides are at the root of what has been presented as a great mystery.
“But if you look closely at the science,” Theobald said, “most of the problems can trace their origin to the damage being done by these systemic pesticides.
“They are very, very damaging, and until we change the environment in which we’re trying to survive, I don’t see any improvement.”
Contact Camera Staff Writer Charlie Brennan at 303-473-1327 or brennanc@dailycamera.com.
Bee swarm hotline: If you find yourself with an unwanted swarm of bees on your property — they usually cluster in the size of a football — you can have the swarm safely removed by calling the Bee Swarm Hotline at 720-443-2331.
Read the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s May 7 report on Colony Collapse Disorder: http://1.usa.gov/uUL8 ___
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strongScientific Name:/strong emPoecilotheria metallica/em
strongCommon Name: /strongPeacock Parachute Spider
strongCategory:/strong Spider
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss and degradation as a result of deforestation, firewood collection and civil unrest
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAbies beshanzuensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongBaishan Fir
strongCategory:/strong Conifer
strongPopulation: /strong5 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Agricultural expansion and fire
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emActinote zikani /em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Butterfly
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown, one population remaining
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation due to pressure from human populations
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAipysurus foliosquama/em
strongCommon Name: /strongLeaf Scaled Sea-Snake
strongCategory:/strong Sea snake
strongPopulation: /strong Unknown, two subpopulations remain
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Unknown – likely degradation of coral reef habitat
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAmanipodagrion gilliesi/em
strongCommon Name: /strongAmani Flatwing
strongCategory:/strong Damselfly
strongPopulation: /strong 500 individuals est.
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation due to increasing population pressure and water pollution
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAntilophia bokermanni/em
strongCommon Name: /strongAraripe Manakin
strongCategory:/strong bird
strongPopulation: /strong779 individuals (est 2010)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction due to expansion of agriculture and recreational facilities and water diversion
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Antisolabis seychellensis
strongCommon Name: /strong Seychelles Earwig
strongCategory:/strong Earwig
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Invasive species and climate change
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Aphanius transgrediens
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Freshwater fish
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Competition and predation by Gambusia and road construction
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Ardeotis nigriceps
strongCommon Name: /strong Great Indian Bustard
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong 50 -249 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss and modification due to agricultural development
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Aproteles bulmerae
strongCommon Name: /strongBulmer’s Fruit Bat
strongCategory:/strong Bat
strongPopulation: /strong150 individuals (est)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Hunting and cave disturbance
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Ardea insignis
strongCommon Name: /strongWhite Bellied Heron
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong70-400 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction and degradation due to hydropower development
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAstrochelus yniphora/em
strongCommon Name: /strong Ploughshare Tortoise / Angonoka
strongCategory:/strong Tortoise
strongPopulation: /strong440-770
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Illegal collection for international pet trade
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAtelopus balios/em
strongCommon Name: /strongRio Pescado Stubfoot Toad
strongCategory:/strong Toad
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Chytridiomycosis and habitat destruction due to logging and agricultural expansion
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAythya innotata/em
strongCommon Name: /strongMadagascar Pochard
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong Approximately 20 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation due to slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, and fishing / introduced fish
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emAzurina eupalama/em
strongCommon Name: /strong Galapagos damsel fish
strongCategory:/strong Pelagic fish
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Climate Change – oceanographic changes associated with the 1982 / 1983 El Nino are presumed to be responsible for the apparent disappearance of this species from the Galapagos
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emBahaba taipingensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strong Giant yellow croaker
strongCategory:/strong Pelagic fish
strongPopulation: /strong Unknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Over-fishing, primarily due to value of swim-bladder for traditional medicine – cost per kilogram exceeded that of gold in 2001
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emBatagur baska/em
strongCommon Name: /strong Common Batagur/ Four-toed terrapin
strongCategory:/strong Turtle
strongPopulation: /strong Unknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Illegal export and trade from Indonesia to China
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Bazzania bhutanica
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Liverwort
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation and destruction due to forest clearance, overgrazing and development
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emBeatragus hunteri/em
strongCommon Name: /strongHirola
strongCategory:/strong Antelope
strongPopulation: /strong 1000 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss and degradation, competition with livestock, poaching
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emBombus franklinii/em
strongCommon Name: /strongFranklin’s Bumble Bee
strongCategory:/strong Bee
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Disease from commercially bred bumblebees and habitat destruction and degradation
-
strongScientific Name:/strong Brachyteles hypoxanthus
strongCommon Name: /strong Northern muriqui
strongCategory:/strong Primate
strongPopulation: /strong 1,000 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss and fragmentation due to large-scale deforestation and selective logging
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emBradypus pygmaeus/em
strongCommon Name: /strongPygmy sloth
strongCategory:/strong Sloth
strongPopulation: /strong 500 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss due to illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction and hunting of the sloths
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCallitriche pulchra/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Freshwater plant
strongPopulation: /strong Unknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Exploitation of the species’ habitat by stock, and modification of the pool by local people
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCalumma tarzan/em
strongCommon Name: /strongTarzan’s Chameleon
strongCategory:/strong Chameleon
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction for agriculture
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCavia intermedia/em
strongCommon Name: /strongSanta Catarina’s Guinea Pig
strongCategory:/strong Guinea Pig
strongPopulation: /strong 40-60 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat disturbance and possible hunting; small population effects
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCercopithecus roloway/em
strongCommon Name: /strongRoloway Guenon
strongCategory:/strong Primate
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Hunting for consumption as bushmeat, and habitat loss
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emColeura seychellensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongSeychelles Sheath-Tailed Bat
strongCategory:/strong Bat
strongPopulation: /strong 100 mature individuals (est 2008)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation and predation by invasive species
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCryptomyces maximus/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Fungus
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Limited availability of habitat
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCryptotis nelsoni/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNelson’s Small-Eared Shrew
strongCategory:/strong Shrew
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong habitat loss due to logging cattle grazing, fire and agriculture
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emCyclura collei/em
strongCommon Name: /strongJamaican Iguana
strongCategory:/strong Iguana
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Predation by introduced species and habitat destruction
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDendrophylax fawcettii/em
strongCommon Name: /strongCayman Islands Ghost Orchid
strongCategory:/strong Orchid
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction due to infrastructure development
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDiceros sumatrensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongSumatran rhino
strongCategory:/strong Rhino
strongPopulation: /strong 250 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Hunting for horn -used in traditional medicine
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDiomedea amsterdamensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongAmsterdam Island Albatross
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong100 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Disease and incidental capture in long-line fishing operations
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDiospyros katendei/em
strongCommon Name: /strong None
strongCategory:/strong Tree
strongPopulation: /strong20 individuals, one population
strongThreats To Survival:/strong High pressure from communities for agricultural activity, illegal tree felling, habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging and small population
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDipterocarpus lamellatus/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Dipterocarp (tree)
strongPopulation: /strong12 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat loss and degradation due to logging of lowland forest and creation of industrial plantations
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDiscoglossus nigriventer/em
strongCommon Name: /strong Hula painted frog
strongCategory:/strong Frog
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (recent rediscovery in 2011)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Predation by birds and range restriction due to habitat destruction
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDiscorea strydomiana/em
strongCommon Name: /strongWild Yam
strongCategory:/strong Yam
strongPopulation: /strong200 Individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Collection for medicinal use
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emDombeya mauritiana/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Flowering plant
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation and destruction due to encroachment by alien invasive plant species and cannabis cultivation
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emEleocarpus bojeri/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Flowering plant
strongPopulation: /strong 10 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Small population and degraded habitat
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emEleutherodactylus glandulifer/em
strongCommon Name: /strongLa Hotte Glanded Frog
strongCategory:/strong Frog
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture
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strongScientific Name:/strong emEleutherodactylus thorectes/em
strongCommon Name: /strongMacaya Breast-Spot Frog
strongCategory:/strong Frog
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture
Credit: a href=”http://www.robindmoore.com”Robin Moore/a
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strongScientific Name:/strong emEriosyce chilensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongChilenito
strongCategory:/strong Cactus
strongPopulation: /strong 500 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Collection of flowering individuals
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emErythrina schliebenii/em
strongCommon Name: /strongCoral Tree
strongCategory:/strong Flowering tree
strongPopulation: /strong 50 individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Limited habitat and small population size increasing vulnerability to stochastic events
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emEuphorbia tanaensis/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Semi-deciduous tree
strongPopulation: /strong4 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Illegal logging and habitat degradation due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure development
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emEurynorhynchus pygmeus/em
strongCommon Name: /strongSpoon-Billed Sandpiper
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong 100 breeding pairs
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Trapping on wintering grounds and land reclamation.
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emFicus katendei/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Tree (ficus)
strongPopulation: /strong 50 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Agricultural activity, illegal tree felling and habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emGeronticus eremita/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNorthern Bald Ibis
strongCategory:/strong Bird
strongPopulation: /strong200-249 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation and destruction, and hunting
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emGigasiphon macrosiphon/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Flowering tree
strongPopulation: /strong33 mature individuals
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Timber extraction and habitat degradation due to agricultural encroachment and development, seed predation by wild pigs
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emGocea ohridana/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Mollusc
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation due to increasing pollution levels, off-take of water and sedimentation events
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emHeleophryne rosei/em
strongCommon Name: /strongTable Mountain Ghost Frog
strongCategory:/strong Frog
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat degradation due to invasive plants and water abstraction
-
strongScientific Name:/strong emHemicycla paeteliana/em
strongCommon Name: /strongNone
strongCategory:/strong Mollusc
strongPopulation: /strongUnknown (declining)
strongThreats To Survival:/strong Habitat destruction due to overgrazing and trampling by goats and tourists